01041nas a2200169   4500000000100000008004100001653001400042653001400056653001400070653001500084653000900099100001800108245005700126300001200183490000700195520066900202       2016                            d10aambiguity10acyber war10agray zone10ahybrid war10aNATO1 aOliver Fitton00aCyber Operations and Gray Zones: Challenges for NATO  a109-1190 v153 a<p>The Gray Zone represents a space between peaceful state rivalries and war. Within this space actors have developed hybrid strategies to extend their influence. This concept of conflict is best illustrated by Russia’s actions in Eastern Ukraine in 2014. Gray Zone doctrine leverages ambiguity to create an environment in which adversaries are unable to make strategic decisions in a timely and confident manner. Cyber Operations, because of the attribution problem, lend themselves to this kind of conflict. This article explores the interactions between the Gray Zone and cyber operations and considers questions which NATO must address in order to adapt.</p>