01192nas a2200205   4500000000100000008004100001653002300042653001600065653001600081653001700097653002200114653003500136653002400171653002200195100002000217245003300237300001000270490000700280520069900287       2016                            d10aBiological weapons10abiosecurity10adisarmament10aneurobiology10anon-proliferation10apotentially pandemic pathogens10aresponsible science10asynthetic biology1 aFilippa Lentzos00aBiology’s Misuse Potential  a48-640 v153 a<p>The international community has laid down clear red lines about the use of biology to enhance national armaments. Advances in bioscience and biomedicine are, however, significantly eroding technological barriers to acquiring and using biological weapons. This article describes recent scientific trends and analyses their security implications. Three emerging fields of research that have particularly high potential for misuse are considered in more detail: potentially pandemic pathogens, synthetic biology and neurobiology. It is argued that continued efforts are required in multilateral, national and scientific spheres to strengthen the red lines and to foster responsible science.</p>